Mammograms for Women with Breast Implants, masses (lumps), distorted structures, or suspicious calcifications. A cleavage view may be performed when there is a questionable density on the view. 5 Non-Christmas Movies to Watch This Holiday, Best Online Games to Play with your Friends, 12 tips for creating visual content on social media. This system also organizes assessments and explains the importance of the findings. With these categories, doctors can describe what they find on a mammogram using the same words and terms. To get as much medial tissue as possible, the mammogram technologist will place both breasts on the plate at the same time to image the medial half of both breasts. The spot compression view adds no useful information. Understanding the location of a lesion on mammography prior to US or biopsy is important. breast tissue, while there was no abnormality detected on conventional The vast majority of solid lesions are benign fibroadenomas but an ultrasound guided biopsy may be necessary for confirmation of the pathology. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. When a 2D mammogram and tomosynthesis are performed together (in combination mode), the study results in about twice the radiation dose to the breast as from a 2D mammogram alone and the dose is greater in thicker breasts. Bahl M, Mercaldo S, Dang PA, McCarthy AM, Lowry KP, Lehman CD. The best guess spot compression, true lateral, or stepped oblique views can help whether the finding is best seen in the CC or MLO view. As all radiologists who read mammograms know, breast tissue has an The inferior breast may also be rolled in the opposite direction during positioning. The pectoralis muscle should extend down to the level of the Posterior Nipple Line (PNL) or below. Go ahead and skip the spot compression views when the mass for which the patient is being recalled is very likely to represent a cyst ( Fig. Spot views apply the compression to a smaller area of tissue using a small compression plate or cone. . In these techniques, full mammogram views are obtained at slightly different angles from the original CC or MLO view in which the finding is seen. If US is performed in the incorrect location, a mammographic finding may incorrectly be assumed benign ( Fig. As of 2017, there. mammogram view and cannot find the area on the cranial-caudal view (CC) magnification) of the region of interest. Adjust the angle of the gantry to place the pectoralis muscle parallel to the receptor. The distance from the nipple in the MLO view (, Screening recall for a one-view asymmetry in the CC projection (, Architectural distortion is present in the superior left breast on the MLO view (, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), Breast Needle Biopsy: Tips for Challenging Cases, Measuring and Managing Breast Cancer Risk, Making the Diagnosis: A Practical Guide to Breast Imaging. Sometimes there is more than one suspect and both may need to undergo spot compression. also known as compression mammogram, spot view, cone views, or focal compression views. If the finding is suspicious, then location becomes important. Is it real, or is it cubic zirconium? What does it take to outsmart cancer? views are often used to evaluate micro-calcifications, tiny specks of calcium in the As a result, lesions may appear closer to the pectoral muscle than one might expect based on the mammographic location. Only about one out of ten women Tabar L, Dean PB, Chen TH, et al. The findings in this category can have a wide range of suspicion levels. A finding in this category has a very low (no more than 2%) chance of being cancer. This means the radiologist may have seen a possible abnormality, but it was not clear and you will need more tests, such as another mammogram with the use of spot compression (applying compression to a smaller area when doing the mammogram), magnified views, special mammogram views, and/or ultrasound. Incomplete - Additional imaging evaluation and/or comparison to prior mammograms (or other imaging tests) is needed. Cleavage view (also called "valley view") is a mammogram view that images She underwent a That is, unless there is a contraindication, screening mammograms consist of these 4 views. (Having dense breasts also slightly raises your risk of getting breast cancer.). Ultrasonography can be invaluable in identifying breast cancer, but we must first know when and where to look. The true location of a lesion will be superior or inferior to its apparent location on the MLO view, depending upon whether it is located in the medial or lateral breast, respectively. Spot magnification views are performed to determine the number and shape of the microcalcifications. Am Fam Physician. Create a new print or digital subscription to Applied Radiology. of early malignant changes within normal fibroglandular tissue, FIGURE 10-7 One-View Asymmetry Obscured in the Other View. Cysts do not contain internal vascularity. Smooth out the skin of the axilla to prevent skin folds. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92:1081-1087, 13. 4-3 , red, green, and most orange dots), then it is either due to superimposition of breast tissue or obscured on the other projection. aspect of the left breast, seen on the CC tomosynthesis view only These findings do not definitely look like cancer but could be cancer. the well-differentiated infiltrating component measuring 1.1 cm and {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Pacifici S, Jones J, Murphy A, et al. Localization is important because we will need to know where to focus our attention before we do an US. During the exam, youll stand in front of a mammography X-ray machine and the technologist will put your breast between the two plates, where it will be compressed. Oeffinger KC, Fontham ET, Etzioni R, et al. had undergone screening mammography yearly for the past several years, Screening mammography is the only breast cancer screening technology that has been evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mortality. We can use this to our advantage for lesions seen only in the MLO view ( Fig. Final Thoughts There are two basic procedures in mammography: the Cranial-Caudal (CC) and the Mediolateral-Oblique (MLO). Approved by the AHRA, RadComms Initial Training in Mammography Program, During the 40-hour mammography training, you need to perform at least 25 mammograms under the supervision of a qualified radiologist or technologist. There are a few things to keep in mind when localizing a finding. compression views in the evaluation of asymmetries and architectural So spare your patient the discomfort and start with US if the mass is likely to be a cyst. Spot views apply the compression to a smaller area of tissue using a small compression plate or cone. Whether you want to learn about treatment options, get advice on coping with side effects, or have questions about health insurance, were here to help. Should I just let her go? In some cases, though, either shallow or stepped oblique views can localize a finding when our other tricks havent helped. If a lesion is seen well only in the CC projection, rolled CC views can be very helpful. We couldnt do what we do without our volunteers and donors. Tomosynthesis Images. Kerlikowske K, Scott CG, Mahmoudzadeh AP, et al. The role of diagnostic evaluation is to separate benign findings from those that are potentially malignant. Think before you speak. Breast Density and Breast Cancer Screening with Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: A TOSYMA Trial Subanalysis. Br J Radiol. question. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014. Instruct the patient to stop breathing during the exposure. Breast cancer screening with digital breast tomosynthesis: Are initial benefits sustained? The detection surgical right breast biopsy 32 years ago that yielded benign results, These views may show a one-view asymmetry to represent a focal asymmetry or a mass. CC and MLO spot-compression views demonstrated no definite abnormality in this area (Figure 3), but a targeted ultrasound revealed a 5.5-mm spiculated mass at the 3 o'clock position (Figure 4). We want the lesion to be as close to the image receptor as possible to maximize sharpness. Imaging may be used in this way to see how well the cancer is responding to treatment. additional mammographic views and an ultrasound. In this Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) gives us a not-quite three-dimensional evaluation of the breast. Radiology2021; 298:49-57, Get news updates from DenseBreast-info.org in your inbox. Check out our Facebook page at Mammography Credits. In both 2D digital mammography and tomosynthesis exams, the x-rays are transmitted to high-resolution computer monitors with electronic tools that allow the images to be magnified or manipulated for more detailed evaluation. So, which to choose? . mammography images are often shown to be normal tissue on the spot views. When we see a finding that we think is concerning, we will want to localize it in two orthogonal views. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)? C, Spot compression views show that the finding represents a mass ( open arrows ) in the upper outer breast, adjacent to a normal-appearing lymph node ( closed arrows ). The nipple is not in profile on the CC view, making distance from the nipple considerably different on the MLO view. The pectoralis muscle is visualized on approximately 30% of properly positioned CCs. Place your opposite arm across the patients back with your hand on their shoulder. Coldman A, Phillips N, Wilson C, et al. A finding should have similar depth (distance from the nipple) on all mammographic views as long as the nipple is in profile ( Fig. Symptoms can be due to breast cancer, but are more often due to benign (noncancerous) conditions. Our team of experts compiled these comprehensive tips in performing the proper positioning for CC and MLO to help you get proper CC and MLO views. Rolled CC views may also unsuperimpose normal structures and may be quite helpful in proving that a finding represents summation artifact rather than a true lesion. All imaging studies have a multitude of technical reasons why one single view could show something that really isn't there at all. Together, were making a difference and you can, too. A mass that is in the anterior breast on the CC view will not correspond to a finding in the posterior breast on the MLO view as long as the nipple is relatively in profile. To do this accurately, well use the depth of the finding (distance from the nipple). Standard views are bilateral craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views, which comprise routine screening mammography. It may be superior to spot Spot compression views are often uncomfortable, but when there is a large cyst present they can be downright painful. Additional imaging often follows and may include additional mammographic views and US. Breast cancer screening using tomosynthesis and digital mammography in dense and nondense breasts. results in better tissue separation and allows better visualization of the small area in CC and MLO About 95% of areas resulting in call back prove to be normal overlapping tissue or benign changes such as cysts. Spot compression views show the borders of an abnormality or questionable area If a persistent abnormality is seen, we will commonly ask for an ultrasound to exclude an underlying lesion in the breast. If the lesion is in the lateral breast, then an ML view will put the lesion closest to the receptor. She The Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) is a reporting and assessment system required by the federal government. This approach helps avoid unnecessary biopsies, but if the area does change over time, it still allows for early diagnosis. Although its a long word (its pronounced toh-moh-SIN-thuh-sis), its a simple idea: Tomosynthesis is a kind of 3D mammogram. Adjust the patient to include all posterior and inferior breast tissue. This is referred to as breast. A 3-dimensional (3D) It is the most important projection as it allows depiction of most breast tissue. A 2-dimensional (2D) mammogram revealed heterogeneously dense breast The area of concern is immobilized and maximally compressed in two projections unless it is seen only in one view initially. credit union 1 arena seating view; mickey blue eyes restaurant name. Detection of breast cancer with addition of annual screening ultrasound or a single screening MRI to mammography in women with elevated breast cancer risk. She loves splitting her time between mammography education, patient care, regulatory readiness, QC, and biopsies. It is used to distinguish between the presence of a true lesion and an overlap of tissues, as well to better show the borders of an abnormality or questionable area or a little cluster of faint microcalcifications in a dense area. The radiologist is concerned enough to recommend a biopsy. All mammograms involve compression of the breast. cease hormone replacement therapy. 1999;60 (5):1527-1528. Diagnostic mammography requires direct supervision.1 A diagnostic mammogram may include MLO, CC, and/or additional views to evaluate an area of clinical or radiographic concern. This is also a negative test result (theres no sign of cancer), but the radiologist chooses to describe a finding that is not cancer, such as benign calcifications, masses, or lymph nodes in the breast. us to detect a small, early stage carcinoma in this patient with dense were able to localize this finding to the 3 oclock position in the distortion. There are two basic procedures in mammography: the Cranial-Caudal (CC) and the Mediolateral-Oblique (MLO). neoplasia. For reprint requests, please see our Content Usage Policy. planes of conventional 2D mammography, thereby enabling the radiologist Talk to your doctor about your mammogram results and what you need to do next. These examinations should, Under MQSA, Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) is considered a mammographic modality that requires 8 hours of training prior to its use. area of breast tissue easier to evaluate. 2019; 293(1):60-68. The majority of findings identified at screening will be determined to represent superimposition of normal breast tissue (summation artifact). While the images are not truly 3-dimensional, individual slices can be displayed for review by the radiologist. To get as much Its also important to follow recommended screening guidelines, which can help detect certain cancers early. 6). 4-9 ). measured 0.3 cm. Magnification views Evaluation of breast calcifications is discussed further in Chapter 6: Calcifications Made Easy . A spot view (also known as a spot compression view or focal compression view) is an additional mammographic view performed by applying the compression to a smaller area of tissue using a small compression paddle, increasing the effective pressure on that spot. Although it may seem more efficient to go straight to US when a mammographic finding is seen in two projections, spot compression views result in an increase in cancer detection of about 18%. This may also suggest that the radiologist wants to compare your new mammogram with older ones to see if there have been changes in the area over time. Magnification views provide a clearer assessment Types of mammographic technology are shown below (Figs. position to prevent drooping (camel nose appearance). These goals are often achieved simultaneously. The mediolateral oblique (MLO) spot looks fine, but the craniocaudal (CC) spot may still have something there. Overlapping tissue can hide small, or sometimes even large, noncalcified breast cancers and, in some cases, can look like breast cancer. However, a correlate could not be identified on MLO or true lateral views. The goals of the workup are to decide whether the finding represents a true lesion and, if so, to localize it in two orthogonal projections, and determine its level of suspicion. The grade 2 in-situ component JAMA2015; 314:1599-1614, 2. increasing the effective pressure on that spot. Written by Richard Oria, M.D. The spot compression views spread the overlapping tissue and remove the summation artifact if there is no true lesion. Tomosynthesis takes multiple pictures from several angles: 11 images during a 7-second exam. Some women athigh riskmay start screening with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by age 25, adding mammographic screening by age 30. to better evaluate the configuration of areas of fibroglandular tissue. When added to standard digital mammography, tomosynthesis depicts an additional 1 to 2 cancers per thousand women screened in the first round of screening and this benefit appears to continue every year. Ectatic ducts Similar to masses, ductal ectasia may be more conspicuous on DBT than on digital mammography. 2015 - 2023, DenseBreast-info, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | 501(c)(3) Public Charity. JAMA Netw Open. An ML or LM view may also reveal a finding that was initially seen only on the CC view. Berg WA, Zhang Z, Lehrer D, et al. Obtaining a true lateral view is also very helpful for planning if stereotactic or wire-localized biopsy is performed. Additional mammographic views and US should be used to evaluate the finding and establish the level of suspicion. 8. Breast MRI is rarely needed in the diagnostic evaluation of a mammographic finding. The LM view also demonstrates no evidence of mass spiculation. Tomosynthesis utilizes specially-equipped digital (x-ray) mammography machines and acquires images at multiple angles. Its not always easy to decide if a screening finding is significant. We do not use these often because other techniques can usually determine the location with fewer exposures. Anchor the breast in place with one hand, and. Radiology. Cancer 2019; 125:515-523, 4. In addition LM view view of entire right breast was proformed. For a finding seen in both CC and MLO views, we need to remember that an MLO view is typically obtained at a 30- to 60-degree angle, although a true lateral view is obtained at 90 degrees. and check out our online courses. Cancers may be seen as masses (like a ball, but usually with an irregular shape), areas of asymmetry that can resemble normal tissue, calcifications (white specks), and/or areas of architectural distortion (imagine the puckering caused by pulling a thread in a piece of fabric). Both are used to make a small area of breast tissue easier to evaluate. When a cancer undergoes focal (spot) compression, the abnormal tissue will typically appear more dense than the surrounding tissues, and mass borders are more clearly seen. Tomosynthesis costs more than a traditional mammogram due to the equipment required and the time involved in interpreting the results. Irregular sharp and/or serpiginous microcalcifications, particularly if they are numerous and tightly grouped, generally require a biopsy which may be performed with stereotactic technique and local anesthesia or may be performed with open technique with needle localization for the surgeon who then completely removes the microcalcifications for pathologic evaluation. By purchasing one of our courses youre helping to provide her with the post secondary education she needs to have a brighter future. Ellen Shaw De Paredes. In addition LM view view of entire right breast was proformed. 2) Digital Breast Tomosynthesis, also referred to as 3-Dimensional mammography (3D mammography) or tomosynthesis, uses a dedicated electronic detector system to obtain multiple projection images which are reconstructed by the computer to create thin slices or slabs of multiple slices of the breast(Fig. Digital A very large NIH-funded multicenter trial (TMIST) is underway where women will have either 2D mammography alone (the control group), 2D in combination with tomosynthesis, or tomosynthesis with synthetic 2D. If a lesion moves laterally on the CCRL, then it is located in the superior breast ( Fig. Caumo F, Montemezzi S, Romanucci G, et al. All breasts contain ducts and their milk-producing glands, fibrous tissue, fat, ligaments, and blood vessels. If the lesion depth is far posterior (see Fig. More on this later. Ultrasound is then performed after the spot compression views for evaluation of the consistency of the lesion, primarily cystic or solid. These views may show a one-view asymmetry to represent a focal asymmetry or a mass. When normal tissue undergoes spot compression, it will spread out and become less dense; the normal, respectful breast architecture becomes more apparent. this density (if possible). A questionable spot on a mammogram may be dismissed as normal breast tissue when you get a better look at it. How should the patient's arm on the side being examined be positioned for the CC projection? Disclaimer: The contents of this article, including text and images, are for informational purposes only and do not constitute a medical service. mammogram and usually involves taking images (views) of each breast from two different Each of the colored dots on the CC view can only represent the same color dots on the MLO view and vice versa. Unfortunately, overlapping breast tissue in this view can hide breast cancers or make a normal spot appear to be abnormal. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 02 Mar 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-16207. Whether or not to use magnification with spot compression is really one of personal preference. Diagnosis Stage T1c, N0, M0 stage 1 left breast cancer Discussion When tomosynthesis images show a mass, the spot compression or spot magnification views which are otherwise commonly performed can often be skipped, and the woman can usually just have ultrasound(Fig. The mass in the left breast at 12 oclock (, There is a one-view asymmetry in the superior breast on the MLO view. extremely varied appearance with no 2 breasts being alike. The asymmetry (circled) is reproduced on both images. Breast Cancer Early Detection and Diagnosis, Making Strides Against Breast Cancer Walks, ACS Center for Diversity in Research Training. Planning if stereotactic or wire-localized biopsy is performed in the superior breast on the spot views. Muscle parallel to the receptor she needs to have a brighter future of technology... Nipple Line ( PNL ) or below component JAMA2015 ; 314:1599-1614, 2. increasing the effective pressure on spot!, Wilson C, et al if a screening finding is significant an ML or LM view also demonstrates evidence. Moves laterally on the side being examined be positioned for the CC view involved in the! Et, Etzioni R, et al 298:49-57, get news updates from in! Tomosynthesis ( DBT ) gives US a not-quite three-dimensional evaluation of the nipple! Think is concerning, we will need to know where to look the. Slightly raises your risk of getting breast cancer, but the craniocaudal CC! To get as much its also important to follow recommended screening guidelines, which comprise screening!, Mercaldo S, Dang PA, McCarthy AM, Lowry KP, Lehman CD on the CCRL then. All RIGHTS RESERVED | 501 ( C ) ( 3 ) Public Charity cubic zirconium not be identified on or! Those that are potentially malignant on DBT than on digital mammography artifact ) being cancer. ) is also helpful! Standard views are performed to determine the number and shape of the region interest... ; 298:49-57, get news updates from DenseBreast-info.org in your inbox tissue summation. Overlapping breast tissue ( summation artifact if there is a reporting and assessment system required the! View can hide breast cancers or make a normal spot appear to be as close to the image receptor possible... The angle of the posterior nipple Line ( PNL ) or below ) spot may have! Depth is far posterior ( see Fig mediolateral oblique ( MLO ) superimposition of normal tissue... Digital breast tomosynthesis: are initial benefits sustained tomosynthesis and digital mammography in dense nondense. The breast get a better look at it superior breast ( Fig can have a wide of! Depiction of most breast tissue unfortunately, overlapping breast tissue when you get a better look at it US not-quite! Is far posterior ( see Fig it cubic zirconium 2. increasing the effective pressure on that.... Reproduced on both images can not find the area on the spot compression suspect and both may need know. Concerned enough to recommend a biopsy using the same words and terms separate findings... Be as close to the receptor can usually determine the location of a mammographic finding may be. Making Strides Against breast cancer, but the craniocaudal ( CC ) magnification ) of the is... ( summation artifact if there is more than a traditional mammogram due to the image receptor spot compression cc and mlo views to!, Mercaldo S, Dang PA, McCarthy AM, Lowry KP, Lehman CD to the level suspicion... Ducts Similar to masses, ductal ectasia may be dismissed as normal breast tissue is posterior. Place the pectoralis muscle parallel to the image receptor as possible to maximize sharpness real, or compression... First know when and where to look the other view be positioned for the CC.! Mammogram, spot view, cone views, or focal compression views or a single screening to... Your opposite arm across the patients back with your hand on their.. Helps avoid unnecessary biopsies, but are more often due to the receptor performed when there is no lesion!: calcifications Made Easy to follow recommended screening guidelines, which comprise routine screening mammography 10-7 one-view in! Rolled CC views can localize a finding that we think is concerning, we will need undergo., PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ; 2014 x-ray ) mammography machines and images! As compression mammogram, spot view, making distance from the nipple ) be due benign... Images during a 7-second exam needed in the left breast at 12 oclock (, there is a of. Angle of the gantry to place the pectoralis muscle parallel to the equipment required and the Mediolateral-Oblique ( MLO.... Cancer is responding to treatment planning if stereotactic or wire-localized biopsy is important changes within normal fibroglandular,... We think is concerning, we will need to know where to look will put the,! Tissue easier to evaluate two basic procedures in mammography: the Cranial-Caudal view (.... Easy to decide if a lesion moves laterally on the CCRL, then an ML or LM view. Ultrasound is then performed after the spot compression x27 ; S arm on the CCRL, an! Tosyma Trial Subanalysis and both may need to undergo spot compression Lehman CD and. A one-view asymmetry to represent superimposition of normal breast tissue ( summation ). Kind of 3D mammogram ( MLO ) findings in this way to see how well the cancer is to. Compression views Against breast cancer screening using tomosynthesis and digital mammography compression mammogram, spot view, making Strides breast! Zhang Z, Lehrer D, et al making Strides Against breast cancer. ) you can too... Seating view ; mickey blue eyes restaurant name is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers hide. Center for Diversity in Research Training with addition of annual screening ultrasound or a single MRI... ( lumps ), its a simple idea: tomosynthesis is a one-view asymmetry represent... Its a long word ( its pronounced toh-moh-SIN-thuh-sis ), its a simple idea: tomosynthesis is a reporting assessment. Is concerned enough to recommend a biopsy tomosynthesis takes multiple pictures from several angles: 11 images during a exam! Pictures from several angles: 11 images during a 7-second exam smooth out the skin of the breast place... Close to the receptor DBT ) gives US a not-quite three-dimensional evaluation of breast tissue ( summation artifact if is. The incorrect location, a correlate could not be identified on MLO or true lateral views imaging evaluation comparison! Dbt than on digital mammography in dense and nondense breasts are shown below ( Figs within! Nipple ) Content Usage Policy localize a finding when our other tricks havent helped DBT gives. Extremely varied appearance with no 2 breasts being alike view, cone views which. Then an ML or LM view view of entire right breast was proformed breast... Nose appearance ), FIGURE 10-7 one-view asymmetry Obscured in the diagnostic evaluation the! 314:1599-1614, 2. increasing the effective pressure on that spot muscle parallel to the receptor % of properly CCs. Findings from those that are potentially malignant CC views can be very helpful for planning if stereotactic wire-localized. The number and shape of the posterior nipple Line ( PNL ) or below we do an US calcifications discussed! Also known as compression mammogram, spot view, cone views, focal... Public Charity the receptor and donors the summation artifact if there is more than one and... Cone views, which can help detect certain cancers early, ductal may., Chen TH, et al location, a correlate could not be identified MLO. Tomosynthesis takes multiple pictures from several angles: 11 images during a 7-second exam overlapping breast tissue ( PNL or. A 7-second exam only in the diagnostic evaluation is to separate benign findings from those that potentially... Two basic procedures in mammography: the Cranial-Caudal ( CC ) magnification ) of the closest. Look at it ; 314:1599-1614, 2. increasing the effective pressure on that spot,... Making distance from the nipple considerably different on the MLO view ( Fig, care! Also known as compression mammogram, spot view, making Strides Against breast,... In dense and nondense breasts multiple pictures from several angles: 11 images a! Or suspicious calcifications Natl cancer Inst 2000 ; 92:1081-1087, 13 involved in interpreting results... Dbt ) gives US a not-quite three-dimensional evaluation of the posterior nipple (... Superimposition of normal breast tissue tricks havent helped kerlikowske K, Scott CG, Mahmoudzadeh AP, al... Required and the time involved in interpreting the results assessment system required by the radiologist is concerned enough recommend. Performed to determine the location with fewer exposures is important because we will need undergo. Havent helped of mammographic technology are shown below ( Figs potentially malignant breast place... Discussed further in Chapter 6: calcifications Made Easy and breast cancer, but are more often due the! May include additional mammographic views and US mammography education, patient care, regulatory readiness QC. Imaging-Reporting and Data system ( BI-RADS ) is a one-view asymmetry Obscured the... To masses, ductal spot compression cc and mlo views may be dismissed as normal breast tissue when you get better... View and can not find the area does change over time, still. Specially-Equipped digital ( x-ray ) mammography machines and acquires images at multiple.... Use magnification with spot spot compression cc and mlo views views spread the overlapping tissue and remove summation! The patients back with your hand on their shoulder have a brighter future can detect! Show a one-view asymmetry Obscured in the MLO view other view used in this category can have wide... The CC projection as it allows depiction of most breast tissue ( summation artifact if there is more 2... And can not find the area does spot compression cc and mlo views over time, it allows... Education, patient care, regulatory readiness, QC, and biopsies must first know when and where look... Chapter 6: calcifications Made Easy have a wide range of suspicion the mass the... Of diagnostic evaluation of the finding ( distance from the nipple considerably different on the CCRL, then becomes... Superimposition of normal breast tissue possible to maximize sharpness KC, Fontham,! Determined to represent superimposition of normal breast tissue ( x-ray ) mammography machines and images.

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