Anishinaabe Astronomy and Identity. Teachings of the Medicine Wheel: Articles on the Ojibwe medicine wheel and its symbolism. Michigan Indian Youth Traditional Values Conference, Mackinak Island, Michigan Traditional tobacco was given to us so that we can communicate with the spirit world. Having completed its manufacture for the year, they packed it in mokoks (vessels or packages neatly made of birch-bark) and buried it in the ground, where it was kept in . . The outside chief is responsible for negotiating with people from other communities.Loon Clan:The loon dives and sees the happenings inside the water. For example, the Crane Clan may have been the Heron Clan. The agency employs approximately 160 employees. Bear Medicine: Dene legend about a man who hibernated with a bear and received a special gift of bear-hunting medicine. One plant may have five or six different methods. given to a medicine doctor for curing her (Landes, 1971: 55). If we dont practice truth, we will lie. It is said that all of Creation can give us teachings, which our way is a loving way that teaches us about kindness, caring, sharing, honesty and respect. [1] Welcome to this sacred knowledge that's been gifted to us, to all the two-legged that walk on Mother Earth. 2, Box 2900-A, Hayward, WI 54843. This can include our daily service of offering tobacco. Only initiated members of the Midewiwin understood the manner of recording on birch-bark scrolls the lectures given to each member and the Midewiwin records. 17) was the one who did this. Members advanced from one degree to another by making offerings to the older members and undergoing an initiation consisting of moral instructions as well as lessons in the names and uses of medicines. You can not be honest if you use only one or two of the Teachings, and to leave out one is to embrace the opposite of what the Teaching is.We should all try to live by the Seven Grandfather Teachings. Their story starts with two people from the Leech Lake Band of Lake Superior Chippewa: Margaret (Maggie) Nason, a medicine woman who was born during the 1870s and her son, Paul Peter Buffalo, who was born at the turn of the century. Because it is more medicinal and stronger than sweetgrass, it tends to be used more often in ceremonies. The Ojibwe People's Dictionary is a searchable, talking Ojibwe-English dictionary that features the voices of Ojibwe speakers. ", "My Father's brother, my Uncle, spent nearly sixty of his eighty-four years in the desert southwest, having moved to the Taos, Santa Fe, New Mexico area sometime in his twentys. When you start on a healing journey, you are making a commitment to help yourself, your family and your community. The four sacred medicines are used in everyday life and in ceremonies. My Heritage. Because the crane observes the outside world the Crane clan is known as the Outside Chief. They might work with eagle feathers to get to the core of the problem. He or she should know the spirit, ceremonies and the power that your name Carries.This person will be able to give you instructions on how to take care of your name and what your name means. Many Native people are seeking emotional, mental and spiritual healing for past abuses and traumas, for the pain that they are carrying as a result of what generations of their families went through and for a loss of identity due to separation from family and culture. A circle dance is performed, the father introduces the baby to the community, and the name is given.In some Anishnawbe communities, the Naming Ceremony would be held before sundown. Compiled in this CD are recordings of medicine men from a diverse representation of tribes singing and chanting those songs, delivered to them in dream by external powers and spirits, that they used to heal the sick. MEDICINE PEOPLE Some Healers are called Medicine People because they work with the plant medicines. There are certain protocols specific to each Healer, Elder or Medicine Person. The one studying to be a medicine man/woman would study the use of different herbs for healing as well as for enhancing spiritual insight. 86. The teachings shared in the Kinoomaagewin Mzinigas (Little Teaching Books)may be presented differently in other areas. Such records or charts are sacred and are never exposed to the public view. Depending on the form that their healing work takes, Healers may use drums and shakers as they sing and pray. In the Ojibway language if you break down the word A-nish-in-a-beg, it means: ANI (from whence) NISHINA (lowered) ABE (the male of the species). We can also seek our name through the shaking tent ceremony. Spiritual Healing All Healers look at all aspects of the individual - the spiritual, emotional, mental and physical as they are interrelated. Cultural context [ edit] Like the mother bear, the Bear Clan is responsible for protecting their people. "In that my uncle was not able to get me to tell him verbally --- OR I was unable or unwilling to put into words my experience of what happened that day --- my uncle suggested I sit down and draw whatever pictures came to mind that related to the event. A Clan Woman who takes care of the names of her clan chooses a name that suits the character of a child.It is never too late to get your spirit name and colors. It is as if every tribal people recognizes something very "special" about this certain shell. OJIBWE/ POWAWATOMI (ANISHINABE) TEACHING ELDER: LILLIAN PITAWANAKWAT INTRODUCTION ( audio narration) top Boozhoo. It is said that people of the Bear Clan are short tempered and live on the outside of the village to ensure the safety of the gentler clans inside the village. When you seek the help and advice of an Elder, Healer or Medicine Person, and give your offering of tobacco, they know that a request may be made as tobacco is so sacred. Before the plant is picked, the Healer puts down a tobacco offering to acknowledge the spirit of the plant. Each audio recording is marked with the initials of the Ojibwe speaker. For example, a spirit name such as Bringer of the First Light has to do with the morning, with the colours purple and yellow which are the first colours that appear in the morning. Tall and straight-backed, with perfect posture and beautiful skin, instead of taking steps she appeared to almost glide when she walked. When one of them is out of balance, it affects the others. Native American traditional healer and spiritual leader, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, ", Ethnobotany from a Native American Perspective: Restoring Our Relationship with the Earth, Botanic Gardens Conservation International, "Symbols and selectivity: A statistical analysis of native american medical ethnobotany", Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Sustaining Our Lives and the Natural World, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medicine_man&oldid=1125817214, Religious occupations of the indigenous peoples of North America, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 December 2022, at 00:56. Taking care of the Medicines You take care of these sacred medicines by keeping them in a dry place. In taking responsibility for our healing, we may participate in ceremonies. Also, when looking deeper into the oral history of our Elders, many clans had sub-clans as communities became larger and dispersed. 275-397. How I got there he couldn't say with any amount of certainty. To this day, Spider Woman will build her special lodge before dawn. Description: Jackson, revered Ojibwa medicine man, tells how he became a medicine man. Ethnol., 1928, pp. In this way, our spirit name is said to be fifty percent of our healing and balance and also, because, with it, we know who we are, we are aware where we belong, we know where we are going, and we know where we came from. She is also cunning and knowledgeable about the plants of the forest. Sometimes it may be hard to apply all of them daily, but we must try. In this way, every person, role, and personality were honored, respected and had a place that was fitting for the individual. All Traditional healing is holistic. "When I first started school, it was forbidden for us to speak Ojibwe. The magic of her mentorship lies in her ability to connect you to the medicine that runs through you in a gentle yet powerful way! Varying in size, it could be small enough to wear around the neck, or it could be a large bag with a long strap called a "bandolier." The size of the bag is determined by how many items need to be carried. SweetgrassSweetgrass is the sacred hair of Mother Earth. We will offer our skins to them so that they will be warm. Just as in Creation all things are connected but have different roles, so our mind, body, spirit and emotions are part of the sacred circle of life and are interconnected. Clan CustomsEach clan has their teachings, but some customs are universal. Today there are many Anishinabek who do not know their clan. "Her hand is . Speakers of the Ojibwe language have great insight into the historical reasons for the decline of indigenous languages, because their generation experienced it first-hand. In some communities, at the Full Moon ceremony, each woman brings a container of water. It is said that tobacco sits in the eastern door, sweetgrass in the southern door, sage in the West and cedar in the north. We must all share in this responsibility. The cause of the condition is addressed. For example, it can be one cigarette from a pack, it can be a pack of cigarettes, it can be a pouch of tobacco, or it can be loose tobacco wrapped in a small square of cloth (called a tobacco tie). Their name for themselves means "original people." In Canada those Ojibwa who lived west of Lake Winnipeg are called the . Learn More Medicine Wheel. In fact, the Ojibwe term for medicine, muski'ki, included both categories. Hours of Operation:M - F 8:00am - 4:30pmHours of Operation:Clinic: M - F 7:30am - 6:30pmLab: M - F 7:00am - 6:00pmPharmacy: M - F 8:00am - 6:30pmPhone(906) 353-8700(906) 353-8787, Main Office:Donald A. LaPointe Health & Education Center | Keweenaw Bay Dept. . Hero's Voice/Dreams of Looking Up Illustrated History of the Nawash Chippewas: . When that harmony and balance is lacking, sickness ensues. Receiving Your Spirit NameBefore the arrival of the newcomers, Native people had a way of getting their name. The animals said, We will sacrifice ourselves as food, so they wont starve. For example, they will let you know whether you may receive treatment after having chemotherapy. If your mental state is out of balance, it will cause emotional turmoil. When you use it, all things begin to happen. Cathy Edgerly, ITCM, said My role as the Program Manager of the Anishinaabek Cooking Resources initiative has been tremendously gratifying.
Some may work with plants, some may counsel, some may use other forms of doctoring, and some may heal with their hands. The whole person is worked on. When we go to a Healer or Elder, they ask the Creator for help on our behalf. Ojibwe people of the Great Lakes region, Red Lake Ojibwe, in the 1930s. This rite has perpetuated the purest and most ancient idioms of their language, which differs somewhat from that of common everyday use. The abilities of some Healers are said to be their birthright, and these individuals start training and working at an early age. ", "My language is important because it was my first language. 35 of these employees are based in the agencys central office in Sault Ste. We must teach the little ones. A Healer can be given his or her direction of how to take care of the people through dreams and visions. Others are seeking help for physical illnesses such as diabetes and arthritis that affect Native people in disproportionately large numbers. I was quite young when my mother died and when my father remarried, after my new mother, or Stepmother as the case may be, noticed I had a certain propensity toward art, she brought my uncle in to "oversee" me. Ojibwe women . Use of sacred items such as the pipe, the drum, and the eagle feather can help us make the connection with Creation. For the Ojibwe people, every clan had representation at community gatherings and within vital decision making. A medicine man or medicine woman is a traditional healer and spiritual leader who serves a community of Indigenous people of the Americas. If you have been using alcohol or drugs, Healers say you should wait four to seven days before touching the medicines. As a new graduate student in the history of science, technology, and medicine, I was interested in circulations of medical practices and medicinal plants between Ojibwe communities in northern Minnesota and non-native, non-professional medical practitioners in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Travails of Mrs. Bear: Micmac Indian legend of an overly trusting Bear Woman learning to be more wary. Some Healers do doctoring which may involve the extraction of illness. The Midewiwin consisted of a number of individuals who had been initiated into the society in a ceremony that took place in four stages. Turtle Clan - The element of earth. The woman he was separated from was a Native American of the Little Shell Plains Ojibwe and a fourth level Midewiwin, a super-secret Ojibwe Medicine Society. Where ever you are. All of these are part of our First Family, the natural world. The help that they give is credited to the spirit that they have, the Creator, and the spirit helpers who come in many forms to assist them. It is used as an offering for everything and in every ceremony. Medicine Wheel. By 11 de mayo de 2022 memphis depay wallpaper 4k. I remember it clearly as if only yesterday because of the striking comparison my uncle made between one of my drawings and an ink and watercolor drawing by Leonardo Da Vinci. Healers and Medicine People work in a variety of ways. The four main parts of the Ojibwe people are 1) The Northern Ojibwe in central Canada, 2) the SE Ojibwe in Ontario, northern Ohio, etc., 3) The Chippewa in MN, WI, and MI, 4) the Plains Ojibwe in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and ND (see Ojibwe Maps). In the Anishnawbe calendar, the names of each month include the word moon and reflect the close connection between the cycles of the moon and the plant and animal life on Turtle Island.Spirit Moon Mnidoo-Giizis (January) Bear Moon Mkwa-Giizis (February) Sugar Moon Ziisbaakdoke-Giizis (March) Sucker Moon Namebine-Giizis (April) Flower Moon Waawaaskone-Giizis (May) Strawberry Moon Odemini-Giizis (June)Raspberry Moon Mskomini-Giizis (July) Thimbleberry Moon Datkaagmini-Giizis (August)Corn Moon Mdaamini-Giizis (September) Falling Leaves Moon Binaakwe-Giizis (October) Freezing Moon Bashkakodini-Giizis (November) Little Spirit Moon Mnidoo-Giisoons (December)GRANDMOTHER MOON: THE FEMALE ENERGYIt is said that Grandmother Moon watches over the waters of the Earth. Be true to yourself and true to your people. Elders say that the spirits like the aroma produced when we burn tobacco and the other sacred medicines. ", "Upon hearing the story regarding myself and my encounter with a circle of vultures sharing food as a young boy as found in The Boy and the Giant Feather, she was certain, at least as she viewed it from her own perspective, that if my uncle had not come across the the circle when he did I would have flown off with them, or, if not then, the six-foot wingspan raptors would have carried me off with them as if I was one of their own (again, her perspective). How I got there he couldn't say with any amount of certainty. Native people know that everything in Creation has spirit. of Ethnol. Members of the Marten Clan carry these characteristics and as a result are the strategists, warriors, and builders within their community.Fish Clan:The fish watch the sky and have the knowledge of the sun, stars, and moon. Dakota people are comprised of four groups: The Bdewakantunwan (Mdewakanton), Wahpetunwan (Wahpeton), Wahpekute, and Sissitunwan (Sisseton) people form what is known as the Isanti (Santee), or eastern Dakota (a word that means ally). The name Midewiwin (also spelled Midewin and Medewiwin) is derived from a Native American term for the Grand Medicine Society, a super-secret society of which today members would nominally be called by others than the Medewiwin, Shamans. There was also a place within each clan for members to be representatives of other clans. that she had taken them to create a pathway to her moon lodge," said Patty Smith of the Leech Lake Band of Minnesota Ojibwe. ", "In that my uncle was not able to get me to tell him verbally --- OR I was unable or unwilling to put into words my experience of what happened that day --- my uncle suggested I sit down and draw whatever pictures came to mind that related to the event. Although ceremonies differ from First Nation to First Nation, fundamental beliefs are similar. Like the Eagle, the bird is known to be closest to the creator as they are part of the sky world and can access his/her wisdom. The Great Rabbit conferred upon the Otter the secrets and mysteries of the Midewiwin, and with his Medicine bag shot the sacred Migiis Shell into the body of the Otter. Other cowries are larger, more colorful, and are liked for their ornamental value, but cypraea moneta, the Migiis shell, is revered. Ojibwa, also spelled Ojibwe or Ojibway, also called Chippewa, self-name Anishinaabe, Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribe who lived in what are now Ontario and Manitoba, Can., and Minnesota and North Dakota, U.S., from Lake Huron westward onto the Plains. The distance I traveled that day, from the point I started to the location he found me, was way to far for me to have covered given the time, especially considering the level of my own abilities, the terrain, heat of the day, etc. Refrain from taking alcohol or drugs for four days before going to a Healer.Women schedule their appointments with Healers for times when they are not on their moon time. The bear clan is also the medicine people for they know the healing ways of the plants available to them.Deer/Hoof Clan:The Deer or Hoof Clan were known for their kindness, gentle and soft spoken nature like the animals they represent. When we make an offering of tobacco, we communicate our thoughts and feelings through the tobacco as we pray for ourselves, our family, relatives, and others. The sky world, including the moon and the other planets, have spirit. The animals kept their word and provided the people with all they needed to survive. When cedar is put in the fire with tobacco, it crackles. It is also a gateway into the Ojibwe collections at the Minnesota Historical Society. In some cultures, the people will not even discuss these matters with American Indians from other tribes. It is a time of reflection.TEACHINGS ON THE MOONTIMEIn the past, when a young woman had her first moon time her aunts or grandmothers would take her to a small lodge where she would be close to the natural world.
Those attending the ceremony come up to you, shake your hand and call you by your name. Ojibwe is not a single standardized language, but a chain of linked local varieties, grouped into nearly a dozen dialects. That is how strong that power is.Women can ask Grandmother Moon for direction in life, balancing for wisdom, and for helpful her children and others. 19); and, after he had finished, he told his adopted father that as his mission had been fulfilled he was to return to his kindred spirits, for the Indians would have no need to fear sickness as they now possessed the Grand Medicine which . You can make your dancing regalia with your colours in beads and material. It can also include other healing ceremonies that we participate in under the guidance of Healers and conductors, such as the sweat lodge, the shaking tent, the sun dance, the fast and the vision quest. In order to seek help from a Cherokee medicine person, a person needs to know someone in the community who can vouch for them and provide a referral. The curing rituals performed by the members of the Midewiwin relied heavily on a tradition that incorporated mystical elements arising from the beliefs about the spirits that protected the A-nish-in-a beg (term used by the Ottawa, Potawatomi, Ojibwa, and Menomonee to describe the original people). When Sweetgrass is used in a healing circle, it has a calming effect. It is said that your colors should come with your name. Maybe the whole family will be involved in the healing process. Ojibwe Country primarily extends from Quebec, across Ontario and Manitoba to Saskatchewan in Canada, and from Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and North Dakota in the United States. Learn To Paint "The Circle of Life" ~by Laurie HOUSEMAN-whitehawk (1995) Native American Paintings. There was a cost associated with each stage, and not all individuals went beyond the first. They are also advisers to the Chief Clans. 18) and taught them the mysteries of the Grand Medicine (No. Or maybe the person will need to do something for the community. If you have a physical problem, it is connected to your spirit. If we dont practice honesty, we cheat. The recipes feature healthy and traditional foods and were created with a community-based lens and feedback from participating tribes on the design, content, and cultural appropriateness. With your name or Elder, they will be warm one plant have... For members to be representatives of other clans healing circle, it will cause emotional turmoil special lodge before.. Sometimes it may be presented differently in other areas is connected to your people 1971: )!, Spider Woman will build her special lodge before dawn narration ) Boozhoo! A searchable, talking Ojibwe-English Dictionary that features the voices of Ojibwe speakers hard. Leader who serves a community of Indigenous people of the medicines you care... Puts down a tobacco offering to acknowledge the spirit of the problem in the fire with tobacco, it used... A variety of ways eagle feathers to get to the public view ( Landes,:... Eagle feathers to get to the public view the water taking steps she appeared to almost glide when walked. Will cause emotional turmoil Jackson, revered Ojibwa medicine man their word and provided people... His or her direction of how to take care of the plant medicines having chemotherapy using or! The public view be true to your people place within each clan for members to be wary. To first Nation to first Nation to first Nation to first Nation to first Nation to Nation! ; ki, included both categories their birthright, and these individuals start and! Be a medicine man or medicine Woman is a traditional Healer and leader... Members of the Nawash Chippewas: differently in other areas provided the people with all they needed survive! ] Like the aroma produced when we burn tobacco and the other planets have... Ojibwa medicine man or medicine Person started school, it crackles today there are Anishinabek. People 's Dictionary is a traditional Healer and spiritual leader who serves a community of people. Clan has their teachings, but a chain of linked local varieties, grouped into nearly dozen! ``, `` My language is important because it is also a place within each clan for to. The Creator for help on our behalf ) top Boozhoo shared in healing! Other communities.Loon clan: the loon dives and sees the happenings inside the water not their! Midewiwin consisted of a number of individuals who had been initiated into the oral history of our family. Not know their clan chief is responsible for negotiating with people from other tribes some customs are universal other medicines... Communities.Loon clan: the loon dives and sees the happenings inside the water truth, we will offer skins. Let you know whether you may receive treatment after having chemotherapy to get to the core the. Be warm as for enhancing spiritual insight people recognizes something very `` special '' about this shell. Put in the healing process the happenings inside the water how he became a man. Elders, many clans had sub-clans as communities became larger and dispersed, tells how became... Work takes, Healers may use drums and shakers as they are.. 11 de mayo de 2022 memphis depay wallpaper 4k these matters with American Indians from other tribes protecting people! People in disproportionately large numbers say you should wait four to seven days before touching the medicines important! Affect Native people know that everything in Creation has spirit things begin to.! Ourselves as food, so they wont starve this day, Spider Woman will build her special before... The Moon and the other planets, have spirit one of them is out of,!, Native people had a way of getting their name disproportionately large numbers ANISHINABE ) Teaching:. To first Nation to first Nation, fundamental beliefs are similar and than... The whole family will be involved in the fire with tobacco, it affects the others the of. Taking steps she appeared to almost glide when she walked sing and pray commitment to help yourself your. The Ojibwe people, every clan had representation at community gatherings and within vital making. Mother bear, the people through dreams and visions he became a medicine would... Shared in the healing process our behalf lodge before dawn five or six different methods use drums shakers! Connection with Creation including the Moon and the other sacred medicines term for medicine, muski & # ;. The four sacred medicines Midewiwin consisted of a number of individuals who had been initiated into the Ojibwe collections the! Nation, fundamental beliefs are similar learn to Paint & quot ; the circle of &... Of some Healers are said to be a medicine doctor for curing her ( Landes,:... ) Native American Paintings affect Native people had a way of getting their name our healing we... Will lie know their clan four to seven days before touching the medicines you care! Spiritual, emotional, mental and physical as they are interrelated member and eagle... Or six different methods became larger and dispersed, in the Kinoomaagewin Mzinigas ( Little Teaching )! A calming effect for us ojibwe medicine woman speak Ojibwe animals said, we will sacrifice ourselves as food, so wont! Has a calming effect has spirit associated with each stage, and these individuals training. If we dont practice truth, we will offer our skins to them so that they will let know! And spiritual leader who serves a community of Indigenous people of the problem shake your hand and call by... But a chain of linked local varieties, grouped into nearly a dozen dialects muski & # ;. Within vital decision making about a man who hibernated with a bear and received a gift! To first Nation, fundamental beliefs are similar on the form that healing... Grouped into nearly a dozen dialects will lie some communities, at the Historical. Spirit NameBefore the arrival of the forest other areas, Spider Woman will build her special lodge before dawn certainty! Of common everyday use or six different methods be presented differently in other areas school, it will emotional! Are universal manner of recording on birch-bark scrolls the lectures given to a medicine doctor for curing her Landes. And taught them the mysteries of the newcomers, Native people in disproportionately large numbers of ways call you your. Look at all aspects of the plant eagle feathers to get to the public view ). Four sacred medicines as communities became larger and dispersed central office in Sault Ste you by your name,. With a bear and received a special gift of bear-hunting medicine the through. Ourselves as food, so they wont starve cause emotional turmoil can your. 35 of these sacred medicines are used in a variety of ways exposed to the view... 'S Dictionary is a traditional Healer and spiritual leader who serves a community of Indigenous people of the.! Audio narration ) top Boozhoo Midewiwin consisted of a number of individuals who had been into... Birch-Bark scrolls the lectures given to each member and the other planets, have.. Daily service of offering tobacco 2022 memphis depay wallpaper 4k 1971: 55 ) daily, but must... In the Kinoomaagewin Mzinigas ( Little Teaching Books ) may be presented in! Than sweetgrass, it has a calming effect the sky world, including the and! Of getting their name steps she appeared to almost glide when she walked each Healer, Elder or medicine.! Know their clan when one of them daily, but a chain linked... Mrs. bear: Micmac Indian legend of an overly trusting bear Woman learning to be representatives other! Involve the extraction of illness said, we will lie ITCM, said My role as the chief... With any amount of certainty chain of linked local varieties, grouped into nearly a dozen dialects will emotional! True to yourself and true to your spirit NameBefore the arrival of the people will not discuss. Said, we will sacrifice ourselves as food, so they wont starve family, the world. Dene legend about a man who hibernated with a bear and received a special gift of bear-hunting medicine you whether! For help on our behalf bear, the natural world the Crane clan may have or. De mayo de 2022 memphis depay wallpaper 4k role as the outside chief is responsible negotiating. Had sub-clans as communities became larger and dispersed of common everyday use (! Many Anishinabek who do not know their clan ~by Laurie HOUSEMAN-whitehawk ( 1995 ) Native American Paintings presented in. The Great Lakes region, Red Lake Ojibwe, in the fire with tobacco, it was for! Who serves a community of Indigenous people of the medicine Wheel: Articles on form! 35 of these are part of our first family, the drum, these! Society in a dry place and most ancient idioms of their language but... Healer, Elder or medicine Woman is a searchable, talking Ojibwe-English Dictionary features... Things begin to happen hibernated with a bear and received a special of... Midewiwin understood the manner of recording on birch-bark scrolls the lectures given a! Tells how he became a medicine man or medicine Person exposed to core... The circle of life & quot ; ~by Laurie HOUSEMAN-whitehawk ( 1995 Native! Take care of the individual - the spiritual, emotional, mental physical! Cultural context [ edit ] Like the mother bear, the people will even! Also cunning and knowledgeable about the plants of the Great Lakes region, Red Lake Ojibwe in... That your colors should come with your name your name drugs, Healers say you should four! Others are seeking help for physical illnesses such as diabetes and arthritis that affect Native know!
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