Lutheranism: Lutherans explicitly reject transubstantiation believing that the bread and wine remain fully bread and fully wine while also being truly the body and blood of Jesus Christ.Lutheran churches instead emphasize the sacramental union (not exactly the consubstantiation, as is often claimed) and believe that within the Eucharistic celebration the body and blood of Jesus Christ are objectively present "in, with, and under the forms" of bread and wine (cf. If so, it is an illusion to suppose that your decisions actually change anything. The Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215 spoke of the bread and wine as "transubstantiated" into the body and blood of Christ: "His body and blood are truly contained in the sacrament of the altar under the forms of bread and wine, the bread and wine having been transubstantiated, by God's power, into his body and blood". The study groups that are being formed in response to This Holy Mystery and the study guides should, and probably will, encourage more open disclosure of personal experiences that are, quite rightly, private matters to be guarded with modesty and reverence. (Even as a reprint, I doubt the book is well-known; the copy I read was donated to the library in the 1960s and had never been checked out.). Some believe that every event may be caused by previous events. As it turned out, the next time would be a month later at the Episcopal church I decided to attend occasionally with another friend who is a member of that church. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Copyright 2020 HarperCollins Publishers. Still, one-in-five Catholics (22%) reject the idea of transubstantiation, even though they know about the churchs teaching. Their "true substance" is indeed. Also see Protestant, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox Similarities and Differences. The taste, smell, texture, and appearance of the elements remain the same. Since the church was so small, and since I had been warmly welcomed there, I decided to go to the altar rail simply to fit in with the congregation. Modern scholars believe Jesus died in the year 30 and that Saul was converted early in 37. WebBelief 1 - Catholics believe that the bread and the wine become the actual flesh and blood of Jesus Christ. As the Rev. For example, the parallelism found in verses 40 and 54 suggests that believing is equivalent to eating, in which case the latter is a metaphor. On the other hand, they were not baptized, so they cannot go to heaven. @ 2021-2023 Copyright | All Right Reserved. Omissions? "--" (met-ousi-osis) is the Greek word used to represent the Latin word "trans-substanti-atio", as Greek "--" (meta-morph-osis) corresponds to Latin "trans-figur-atio". . [neutrality is disputed][15][16][17][12][18]. their contemp, Saints or Sinners? How to Make the Benefits of Family Life Accessible to LGBT People. Because God chose us before the foundation of the world, that means we are predestined to life. There's no mystical change of the substance of the bread and the wine. I will treasure such experiences always, but I do not expect comparable "highs" at each Communion celebration. Fortunately, I have access to university library that supports a department of religion and, indirectly, a seminary; and thus I discovered an old book. This is then received into the life of a Catholic when he or she consumes the Eucharistic elements. Did the Church create the doctrine in the 12th century? Dr. ST Kimbrough about his new book with Dean McIntyre titled: A Theology of the Sacraments Interpreted by John . For John Calvin, there are symbols that are very powerful. WebWe believe in two sacraments: Baptism and Holy Communion. To explain the manner of Christ's presence in Holy Communion, many high church Anglicans teach the philosophical explanation of consubstantiation. [3] A major leader in the Anglo-Catholic Oxford Movement, Edward Pusey, championed the view of consubstantiation. Consubstantiation is a Christian theological doctrine that (like transubstantiation) describes the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Now they are the body and blood of Jesus Christ. function googleTranslateElementInit() { OPCCTS - The Knights Templar of North America. The doctrine of authority, in contrast, focuses on the whole Bible, rather than particular texts. Defending the inerrancy of this story misses the point. And among Catholics who do not attend Mass weekly, large majorities say they believe the bread and wine are symbolic and do not actually become the body and blood of Jesus. We expect the answer to be heaven or hell. Yet in the Middle Ages people thought: Hmmm, if heaven is where the saints stand in the holy presence of God, and hell is where the wicked get sent, what about all of us sinners who have been forgiven? Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. In the summer of 2002 I spent four months in treatment the first two months at the Ridgeview Center; the second two at Metro Atlanta Recovery Residences (MARR). Do United Methodists believe in transubstantiation? WebWhere does the authority of the church reside? Whether or not individuals believe the wafer is the actual body of Christ is between him and God. No. It's not transubstantiation, and it's not consubstantiation. WebAn agency of The United Methodist Church, Discipleship Ministries helps local church, district, and conference leaders fulfill the shared dream of making world-changing Do Methodists believe in God? They are no longer bread and wine. A membership application can be downloaded from the link on the membership page. Charles Duncan ([emailprotected]) is Professor of Humanities at Clark University in Atlanta, Georgia, and a member of Brookhaven United Methodist church. Protestant vs Methodist: Whats the Difference? How should it be celebrated? Unlike Catholics, Protestants do not believe in transubstantiation i.e. The author's exhaustive history of Eucharistic controversy is fascinating, but what really attracted me were the passages that reflect the title of the book and speak to my own experience so directly. Book of Concord). Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, Under Pope Francis, the College of Cardinals has become less European, Two-thirds of U.S. Catholics unaware of popes new restrictions on traditional Latin Mass, Many Catholics in Latin America including a majority in Brazil support allowing priests to marry, Just one-third of U.S. Catholics agree with their church that Eucharist is body, blood of Christ, Like Americans overall, U.S. Catholics are sharply divided by party, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care, The changing face of Congress in 8 charts. However, when the church celebrates the Lords Supper, Christ is present in, with, and under the elements of the bread and wine. Instead, what has changed is the essence, the very nature, the substance of the bread and wine. Please check errors and resubmit. Others who have been Presbyterian all their lives have picked up a fair amount of their religious ideas, not from church school, but from notions floating about in the culture at large. Bible scholar, D.A. Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom. Luke 23:42, 2023 Presbyterian Mission Agency Privacy Policy | PC(USA) Donor Privacy Policy | GDPR Privacy Policy | Legal Notices. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. I was, however, beginning a redemptive process, which, if Calvin is right as I believe he is was sealed by Divine Providence. Since the church was so small, and since I had been warmly welcomed there, I decided to go to the altar rail simply to fit in with the congregation. During the Protestant Reformation, the doctrine of transubstantiation was heavily criticised as an Aristotelian "pseudophilosophy"[30] imported into Christian teaching and jettisoned in favor of Martin Luther's doctrine of sacramental union, or in favor, per Huldrych Zwingli, of the Eucharist as memorial. Does the wine have to meet certain specifications? If you do a good deed, that is what you were fated to do. Think of it this way. John W. Harvey (2d ed. 1See Institutes, II. The Pillar New Testament Commentary. He's not only seated at the right hand of the Father, but he's everywhere present. Discipleship Ministries is a work from home community. This belief is known as transubstantiation. Catholics and Anglicans both believe in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist: %3E 6. Communion with Christ in the Eucharist presupposes his Although many Communion tables are rather ornate, the table itself holds no particular significance or holiness; it is simply a supper table. When you have problems, you may ask your friends to pray for you. Catholics and Anglicans both believe in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist: %3E 6. Communion with Christ in the Eucharist presupposes his Support our siblings affected by disaster, hunger and oppression through One Great Hour of Sharing. Closer to home, however, we have The United Methodist initiative for which This Holy Mystery*is the guiding document, along with some very helpful study guides. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax In fact, nearly seven-in-ten Catholics (69%) say they personally believe that during Catholic Mass, the bread and wine used in Communion are symbols of the body and blood of Jesus Christ. Just one-third of U.S. Catholics (31%) say they believe that during Catholic Mass, the bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Jesus.. Consubstantiation is a term commonly applied to the Lutheran concept of the communion supper, though some modern Lutheran theologians reject the use of this term because of its ambiguity. Please see the About page for details. Daniel's seminary degree is in Exegetical Theology. In the traditional Roman Catholic understanding the priest re-offers Christ on the altar as a sacrifice to God. In John 6:49-58, Christ does not use the word body but flesh, which is a different Greek word. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. A membership application can be downloaded from the link on the membership page. We may want to quibble at this point and say, Well, you have to view those statements in their context in order to see what they really mean. If we say that, we have given up on the doctrine of inerrancy: we have conceded that these verses cannot stand on their own, with their plain meaning to be accepted as the truth. (Also see Why Dont Protestants Believe in Transubstantiation?) Bishops He can be in, with, and under the elements. ), The word transubstantiation first appeared in the 11th century; yet there is evidence that Christians believed the doctrine, or at least aspects of it, in the first few centuries after Christ. Like the Catholic Church (and even more so the Orhodox Church), Anglo-Catholicism celebrates the continuity of faith from post apostolic times to the present. Information (see About Us)and requirements for membership (seeMembership)are explained on other pages of the site. believe that the bread and the wine become the actual flesh and blood of Jesus Christ. The mystery of Christ's "real presence" has never been described more beautifully: Clearly, Calvin understood the disturbing language of John 6 the way it must be understood, as a language of the heart. *Also available is a print study edition of This Holy Mysterywith commentary. ", Reformed Churches: Classical Presbyterianism held Calvin's view of "pneumatic presence" or "spiritual feeding", a Real Presence by the Spirit for those who have faith. Many of the points made in This Holy Mystery are worth study and discussion, but the following one is particularly relevant, in showing the connection between the Lord's Supper and the "saving" faith that Wesley describes: My own experiences confirm the truth of that statement; and as I suggested at the beginning, I don't think they are atypical. All the world has been on an endless cycle of death and rebirth: you continually get another chance until you finally get it right. The only real question is, "How many United Methodists have felt the outpouring of grace in some way during Holy Communion?" Writing to the Christians of Smyrna in the same year, he warned them to "stand aloof from such heretics", because, among other reasons, "they abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer, because they confess not the Eucharist to be the flesh of our Saviour Jesus Christ, which suffered for our sins, and which the Father, of His goodness, raised up again. To try to understand this "language" better, I have been studying the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation. Presbyterians believe church authority is not carried in individuals this way; rather, church leaders can declare the will of God only on the authority of Scripture. This interpretation of course actually contradicts the earlier parts of the discourse, not least v. 40. And how do I follow that teaching and live it out in my life?. While Catholics, and the vast majority of Protestants, participate in the Lords Supper, they do not agree on what exactly happens when they consume the bread and cup. Whether someone is a life-long follower of Jesus or just curious about Christianity's beliefs, followers, history, and practices, Christianity FAQ aims to offer trustworthy information that is easy to understand. They believe that the sacrament of baptism in itself forgives people's sins and, like Catholics, they believe in the doctrine of transubstantiation the literal transformation of the bread into Christ's body during the Eucharist. These were decisive experiences, but I should mention here my third Communion, taken a few weeks later at the Methodist church I decided to join. [4] Source[5] Source. Among much broader goals, the Lollards affirmed a form of consubstantiationthat the Eucharist remained physically bread and wine, while becoming spiritually the body and blood of Christ. In recent years a large number of people have joined the Presbyterian Church by transfer from other denominations. John W. Harvey (2d ed. Volunteer with Presbyterian Disaster Assistance, Volunteer for Elected Service at the General Assembly Level. What is the Protestant interpretation of those passages? Presbyterians believe the sacrifice of Christ has already been offered once for all, it needs no repetition, and the action of a priest cannot make it occur again. Learn more about Mailchimp's privacy practices here. Christ is present with all of his salvific benefits when the church celebrates the Lords Supper. Like the Catholic Church (and even more so the Orhodox Church), Anglo-Catholicism celebrates the continuity of faith from post apostolic times to the present. They are benchmarks of faith in a process of spiritual growth that is, for the most part, far more "ordinary," as the authors of This Holy Mystery suggest: Thus, one purpose of the sacraments is precisely to remind us of our constant need for spiritual nourishment. Forgiveness is Gods free gift in Christ. . The Catholic Church teaches that there are allusions to the Eucharist in the Old Testament, such as in the story of Melchizedek, who gave Abram bread and wine (Genesis 14:18). WebAfter all, Catholics believe in transubstantiation, which means that the bread and wine turn into the body and blood of Jesus. Some Protestants cite Augustines phrase believe, and you will have eaten to support their interpretation. Now, to be very specific about the Catholic view, it's not the form of the bread and the wine that changes. (Discourse against Transubstantiation, London 1684, 35). 53-54 is so completely unqualified that if its primary reference is to the eucharist we must conclude that the one thing necessary to eternal life is participation at the Lords Table. I suspect the number is far greater than we know. 14:1226; Lk. Does the Catholic interpretation blur the lines between flesh and body? Consubstantiation is the view that the bread and wine of Communion / the Lords Supper are spiritually the flesh and blood of Jesus, yet the bread and wine are still actually only bread and wine. In the summer of 2002 I spent four months in treatment the first two months at the Ridgeview Center; the second two at Metro Atlanta Recovery Residences (MARR). According to the United Methodist Church, "Jesus Christ, who 'is the reflection of God's glory and the exact imprint of God's very being' (Hebrews 1:3), is truly present in Holy Communion. He was a pastor for 10 years. Episcopalians are not required to believe in the transubstantiation as are Roman Catholics, though many do. The pastor was a recovered alcoholic; that, and the fact that I had taught his son several years before, was what attracted me. Over the years Presbyterians Today has included many articles on What Presbyterians believe. In this issue we offer a series of brief explanations about what Presbyterians dont believe not to be antagonistic, but to mark off some of the distinctions between our perspective and those with other viewpoints. At MARR, a faith-based (and much more confrontational) program, I was required to attend weekly church services, but these had little effect upon me. In other words, what is most important about the Lords Supper is Christ's command to do this, to celebrate the Lord's supper in remembrance of himhis death on behalf of our sins. Note: See full topline results and methodology. How can he possibly use him more barbarously, than to feast upon his living flesh and blood?" Updates? A second historical view is that of Martin Luther, generally called consubstantiation, though that was not a term that he himself used. 2. For John Calvin, there are symbols that are very powerful. Shifting the emphasis from a change of substance to a change of meaning, they coined the terms transsignification and transfinalization to be used in preference to transubstantiation. But this reasoning does not quite work, for a couple of reasons: 1. We believe all are welcome to take communion. Ignatius of Antioch, writing in about AD 106 to the Roman Christians, says: "I desire the bread of God, the heavenly bread, the bread of life, which is the flesh of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who became afterwards of the seed of David and Abraham; and I desire the drink of God, namely His blood, which is incorruptible love and eternal life. by Tony Lane and Hilary Osborne (Baker Book House, 1987), p. 76. It was part of the doctrines of Lollardy,[1] and considered a heresy by the Roman Catholic Church. Methodists believe in the real presence of Christ in the bread and wine (or grape juice) while, like Anglicans, Presbyterians and Lutherans, rejecting transubstantiation . transubstantiation, in Christianity, the change by which the substance (though not the appearance) of the bread and wine in the Eucharist becomes Christs real presencethat is, his body and blood. Corrections? However, Methodists do not believe in transubstantiation; rather, they consider the bread and wine to be symbolic. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Lollardy survived up until the time of the English Reformation. WebTransubstantiation The belief that the substance (essence) of Christ's body and blood replaces the substance of the eucharistic bread and wine, although the appearances This seems to have been the culminating event of my conversion, a breaking of the dam erected by shame and guilt, together with a powerful sense of the resurrected Christ in whom my sins had been washed away. This is perhaps the most positive way to think of praying to the saints. Overall, 43% of Catholics believe Calvin explained it in two ways, always affirming that it is a mystery. That is when the priest elevates first the wafer and then the chalice of wine mixed with water and rehearses the institutional narrative, the story of the Last Supper. For why should the Lord put in your hand the symbol of his body, unless it was to assure you that you really participate in it? Mark 14:22-24). And if it is true that a visible sign is given to us to seal the gift of an invisible thing, when we have received the symbol of the body, let us rest assured that the body itself is also given to us.". Luther very clearly distinguished his view from transubstantiation. It is hardly my purpose to comment here on that abstruse and subtle doctrine, except to note that while it may well be "repugnant to the plain words of Scripture" and undoubtedly "hath given occasion to many superstitions" (Article 18,The Book of Discipline, 2004), it is not repugnant to faith, and considered in itself, is far from "superstitious." Beyond that, predestination teaches us that God has given us a new and bigger freedom: the freedom to fulfill our destiny. The Eastern Catholic, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Orthodox Churches, along with the Assyrian Church of the East, agree that in a valid Divine Liturgy bread and wine truly and actually become the body and blood of Christ. I found his services very enjoyable informal, improvisatory, and friendly a far cry from what I still regarded distastefully as "organized religion." . If your sins are venial (relatively slight), you will now work them off in purgatory. See also consubstantiation. Although I feel very differently about it now, I found much of the liturgy boring and distasteful; consequently, I did not expect the Eucharist to affect me as deeply as it had before. Believing in the inerrancy of Scripture commits us to the factual accuracy of individual texts, while believing in the authority of Scripture presses us to know the message of Scripture as a whole. . The point is to obey the authority of the story. They really do render that which they portray, so they render to us the presence of Jesus Christ and his salvific benefits: all the work of salvation that he has accomplished on our behalf. They are the signs of the bread and the wine He says they are indeed symbolicthey are signsbut they're not empty signs. ; New York: Oxford University Press, 1950), 142-143. [1], Not as common bread and common drink do we receive these; but in like manner as Jesus Christ our Savior, having been made flesh by the Word of God, had both flesh and blood for our salvation, so likewise have we been taught that the food which is blessed by the prayer of His word, and from which our blood and flesh by transmutation are nourished, is the flesh and blood of that Jesus who was made flesh.. @2021 OPCCTS - The Knight Knights Templar of North America | PO Box 7634, Horseshoe Bay, TX 78657. The study groups that are being formed in response to, The Lord's Supper has been very important to my spiritual growth, and I have had other experiences besides those mentioned above. }. We believe in co-transubstantiation. Its pastor, a gracious woman of singular kindliness, wisdom, and common sense, administered the sacrament with a gentle reverence that Wesley might have termed "winsome." By then I was reading the Bible and some of the standard commentaries (e.g., Barclay, NIB) and beginning to study theology and church history. Protestant and Presbyterian are two terms associated with Christianity, but many people aren't sure what the differences are between them. In the first part of the passage, Christ says this is the work of God, that you believe in [Christ] (v. 29) and that whoever believes in [Christ] should have eternal life (v. 40).. To explain the manner of Christ's presence, some high-church Anglicans, however, teach the philosophical explanation of consubstantiation, associated with the English Lollards and, later, erroneously with Martin Luther, though Luther and the Lutheran churches explicitly rejected the doctrine of consubstatiation and actually promulgated their dogma of the sacramental union. By this means, God pours or imbues a grace into the Catholics life for salvation. Methodism: Methodists believe in the real presence of Christ in the bread and wine (or grape juice) while, like Anglicans, Presbyterians and Lutherans, rejecting transubstantiation. I want to receive newsletters and other email from Discipleship Ministries. Methodists view baptism and the Eucharist as symbols of inner spiritual experience. Some people are aware that neither Protestants nor Christianity FAQ exists to help people understand the Christian faith. Asking Saint Joan to pray for you becomes praying to Saint Joan. What is the nature of the Lords Supper? The Roman Catholic view is called transubstantiation. Lutheran Beliefs and How They Differ From Catholicism - Learn Is the Catholic interpretation a contradiction? [3][4], In England in the late 14th century, there was a political and religious movement known as Lollardy. The most emotional by far was on Easter Sunday, 2004, when I actually broke down at the altar rail, trying to choke back the tears of mingled grief and joy. In Holy Communion we receive the presence of Christ to strengthen our faith and life. Each tradition traces its doctrines and practices to the New Protestant vs Presbyterian: What's the Difference? Our workforce began working from home permanently in 2020. WebUnlike Catholics, Protestants do not believe in transubstantiation i.e. They recognize that "in contemporary Catholic expositions, transubstantiation intends to affirm the fact of Christ's presence and of the change which takes place, and is not an attempt to explain how Christ becomes present. Various Eastern religions propose that when you die, you are reborn as another person or animal. If you have done a good enough job being righteous, you will be rewarded in heaven after you die. In order to be inerrant, the factuality of a statement has to be able to stand on its own: The Battle of Gettysburg took place in 1863 is true or false on its own merits. MILITARY ORDERS, Knights of Christ? However, the following is very close to a thesis statement: Nevin returns, over the span of centuries of Eucharistic controversy, to the primacy and simplicity of Calvin's doctrine, the same that shaped the doctrine of the Anglican church and is the basis of Articles 16 and 18 of the Methodist Articles of Religion (Articles 25 and 28 of the Anglican Confession). Situated in the Burgundian region of southeastern France. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. There are many such passages, because the author's purpose is to affirm the Real Presence, sharply distinguishing it from "a sign only, by which the memory and heart may be assisted in calling up what is past or absent, for the purpose of devotion" (p. 56). Presbyterians have always had a very strong doctrine of biblical authority, but historically most have shied away from calling that doctrine inerrancy. Methodists believe in the real presence of Christ in the bread and wine (or grape juice) while, like Anglicans and Lutherans, rejecting transubstantiation. Therefore, I would like to share it with those interested in. The Articles declared that "Transubstantiation (or the change of the substance of Bread and Wine) in the Supper of the Lord, cannot be proved by holy Writ; but is repugnant to the plain words of Scripture, overthroweth the nature of a Sacrament, and hath given occasion to many superstitions." Christ is present alongside the bread and cup (without changing the physical properties). That does not take away our ability to choose; we make many trivial-but-free choices every day. Therefore, Catholics believe that when they receive communion, they are actually receiving the body and blood of Christ into their own bodies. When she handed me the cup with the age-old blessing, "the blood of Christ, shed for you," her low, urgent voice electrified me. Presbyterians do not believe that sins can be graded this way. Consubstantiation is a Christian theological doctrine that (like transubstantiation) describes the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. While you can apply the idea of inerrancy to a history quiz, it is hard to see how to apply it to a work of art. Formula of Concord, Epitome, VII.42 and Solid Declaration VII.127 in F. Bente, "Real Presence Communion Consubstantiation? Their "true substance" is indeed food, both material and spiritual, fused into unity by a metamorphic exchange of actual with metaphoric (but nonetheless "real") properties in the depths of our hearts. According to the United Methodist Church, Jesus Christ, who is the reflection of Gods glory and the exact imprint of Gods very being (Hebrews 1:3), is truly present in Holy Communion.. When the priest gave me the bread, I did feel something akin to the earlier experience; but when the chalice bearer gave me the cup, I once again felt the rush of nervous excitement. The traditional Roman Catholic Church 2023 Presbyterian Mission Agency Privacy Policy | (. Catholic interpretation blur the lines between flesh and blood of Jesus Christ the bread and the wine changes. Protestants do not believe in two ways, always affirming that it is a print edition... There may be caused by previous events understanding the priest re-offers Christ on other. That of Martin Luther, generally called consubstantiation, though many do teaches us that has.: the freedom to fulfill our destiny your decisions actually change anything ; we Make trivial-but-free. * Also available is a Christian theological doctrine that ( like transubstantiation ) describes the real presence Communion?... Did the Church celebrates the Lords Supper Press, 1950 ), you may ask your friends to pray you. 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People are n't sure what the Differences are between them the presence of Christ into their own.! Various Eastern religions propose that when you come into your kingdom volunteer with Presbyterian disaster Assistance volunteer! And appearance of the Father, but many people are aware that neither Protestants nor Christianity FAQ exists help. Be rewarded in heaven after you die will now work them off in.... Associated with Christianity, but historically most have shied away from calling that doctrine inerrancy, what has changed the! ] and considered a heresy by the Roman Catholic Church your decisions actually change anything Protestants believe in real. 'Re not empty signs One Great Hour of Sharing use the word body flesh. Your friends to pray for you becomes praying to Saint Joan webunlike Catholics, Protestants do not that. Of course actually contradicts the earlier parts of the bread and the wine our ability choose. Baptism and Holy Communion? is what you were fated to do effort has been to. To feast upon his living do methodists believe in transubstantiation and body Catholic understanding the priest re-offers on... Illusion to suppose that your decisions actually change anything may be caused by previous events in 37 the Father but... { OPCCTS - the Knights Templar of North America, Edward Pusey, championed the view of.... The link on the whole Bible, rather than particular texts '' better, have...
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