Out of 5,000 people up there, you come up with one family? he said, laughing. So, why hasnt it? I didnt think it would come out of somebodys mouth, straight to my face, he said. Every century WP show up denying racism exists or they experience it too. Ralph Smith, 30, has been employed there for two years. While that's largely gone by the wayside, the reputations earned by cities remain and still cast a pall over their locales. Logan Jaffe is a reporter for newsletters at ProPublica. Author Candacy Taylor spent all summer documenting Green Book sites and exploring how Black Americans can travel safely across the U.S in 2021. Growing up near Phoenix, Smith said her familys friends called them the Huxtables, a reference to the upper-middle class black family of The Cosby Show. She feels her parents, and the high standards they set, prepared her well for her current life: If anybody was going to come to Anna, God picked somebody that had the right credentials to be able to come here, she said. But after hearing A-N-N-A said aloud that night, I realized my race made me a sort of insider, too. HAYS, Kansas On the night of Jan. 6, 1869, Luke Barnes, Lee Watkins and James Ponder sat in jail accused of shooting a white railroad worker in this northwest Kansas town. The name comes. There are hundreds of these. One afternoon in Anna during my second visit, in May 2018 I approached two postal workers, both of them white, loading mail trucks behind the towns post office and asked them where I could find someone who wasnt white. Winds SSW at 10 to 15 mph.. The authors of the sundown towns website explain that the first urgent need is for work that confirms or disconfirms probable sundown towns. Later that night, I realized what shook me most about our conversation: He didnt pause before he said what he said. There are also uses of a derogatory racial term in documents and quotes cited in the story. American stopped counting lynchings in 1968 and it wasn't because they stopped happening. The map above shows the new metro system I've been designing for Dallas, Texas. But after a series of incidents that made her feel unsafe in Murphysboro, Smith said, she wanted out. Sundown Towns Still Exist in the U.S. Distractify, 28 Apr. Have you ever seen the population signs? he asked me. She previously was an embedded mediamaker with The New York Times Race/Related newsletter in collaboration with the documentary showcase POV, in which she reported and produced an audience-driven project confronting the pervasiveness of racism through everyday objects. Coincidentally, her name was Anna Anna Pelley. https://www.uua.org/files/includes/snippet-important-message.txt, Anti-Racism, Multiculturalism, and Belonging, Forgotten story of America's whites-only towns, Reparations for the 1921 Tusla OK Race Riot, On the Courthouse Lawn: Confronting the Legacy of Lynching in the Twenty-first Century. They led James to a pair of steel arches that spanned the intersection in the center of Cairos commercial district, which was crowded with thousands of onlookers, most of whom came as word spread about James arrest. He just said it. Theres been a lot of attention on sundown towns because people have recently learned that these towns existed, Taylor says. Black people also work at Choate Developmental Center, a state mental health facility in Anna. For whatever reason its just one of those towns, I guess, his co-worker added. We came here on the second stop of The Associated Press' road trip across America, a reporting journey that three of us . I think it needs more flavor around here for sure, but everything needs to be more mixed, he said. These towns openly discriminated against Black residents and visitors, and violence was a common tactic. The advantage of this for towns is an increase in legislative power, she says. But it was also the home of U.S. Sen. Everett Dirksen, whose support helped ensurethe passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. A man two stools over from me struck up a conversation. It's Boston local news in one concise, fun and informative email. Its okay to put our stories on pages with ads, but not ads specifically sold against our stories. You may be showing yours by using the term, colored people.. He declined to be interviewed for this story. Keep up the hard work! This part of southern Illinois had at least a half-dozen sundown towns. The semiconductor industry has brought diversity there. Thats for Aint No Niggers Allowed. He laughed, shook his head and took a sip of his beer. Its curious that towns that have majority African American populations are considered sundown towns. This is not helping. But the stories of how these communities became or stayed mostly white are often unknown, ignored or not fully told. Anna resident Takiyah Coleman, 19, agreed. Onibada, Ade. We just learn from each other, Arieh said. They expect factual data, not hearsay. In fact the database comes with a note which states that there are "too many sundown towns for us to have found them all". The sundown town database is an interactive map where you can select any state and see a list of all its possible current and historic sundown towns. I worked nights for 13 years. On the map towns are shown using different colors, which indicate the 'confirmation status' of each town shown (ranging from 'possible' to 'surely'). (Whitney Curtis, special to ProPublica Illinois), (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library via The Library of Congress), Anna is a city of a little more than 4,000 people, (Source: Mapbox. about sundown towns across Illinois. One of James Loewens most significant achievements is to link physically violent forms of racism with legal and social stratagems white Americans have found to isolate themselves from people of color, indeed from people different in any way. But it hurt. Though Illinois supported the Union during the Civil War and had abolished slavery years before, it has a history of sundown towns. It uses live data from Amtrak's Track-A-Train During the colonization of the United States museums and the federal government routinely stole the human remains of Indigenous people. I think that articles and misinformation like this lead to more racism and ignorance. Then, in a moment that would lodge itself in regional memory, a 23-year-old white woman from Anna was found dead in November 1909 in an alley in Cairo. Yes, Sundown Towns Are Still A Problem For Black Travelers In The United States. Travel Noire, 28 July 2021, https://travelnoire.com/sundown-towns-2021. Editor's note: This segment was rebroadcast on Dec. 22, 2021. Today, Emily and John share a small tombstone in the Anna cemetery. But once she looked closer within the town, she found these Black and Brown people are mainly in jails or in prisons. These areas have managed to enforce racial segregation through either intimidation or discriminatory local laws, or a combination of both. They are so named because some marked their city limits with placards warning specific groups of people to stay away after the sun went down. Anyone who knows the history of Anna-Jonesboro would never in a million years imagine something like this would ever happen. But the city is still commercially alive. Longmont definitely not a sundown town even though majority white and Hispanic. Some white parents, particularly upset about the post featuring Arieh, spoke to administrators about it, Smith said. But there aren't any "sundown" places, including the one's marked on the map near me, that I would tell someone to not visit because of the color of their skin. While sundown towns still effectively exist in the United States, a viral image used to illustrate that point came from a movie that was set in the 1960s. By sunrise, the three Black men had been dragged from their cell by a mob of white townspeople and hanged from a railroad trestle over the creek that separates the town . Ma https://twitter.com/digitalsista/status/1411762780718391296. If you know of other similar efforts around Illinois, Id love to hear about those as well. As one local historian once told me when I asked if hed ever consider planning an exhibit about his communitys sundown history, People dont want to read bad things about where they live. Cairos population, roughly 2,500, is now about half of what it was in 1990, though people began leaving earlier. After 6 p.m., Black people faced the risk of harassment or at worst death. And all the sidewinding typical tropes like using Jussie and Chicago are all tells that you know the truth. So most people assume it was the South that was the problem, but that really wasn't the case.. He said he cant think of a single incident in Anna that had race at its center that had taken place in his years of public service. Id ask. Love the map concept. I talked with public officials, historians and longtime residents. Would the man who first recited A-N-N-A have done so if I werent white? Some of these communities Benton, Herrin, Carterville, Anna were "sundown towns" where, by official policy, black people were not allowed after dark into at least the 1960s in some cases,. Thats why shes interested in looking at how sundown towns operate. Today, Anna is one of the whitest municipalities in southern Illinois according to the 2010 census, 95.7% of its citizens are white and its black population hasnt changed much since that modest uptick nearly 40 years ago, according to census data. Most of these are confirmed. The foundation of any map project is data. James Taylor, a 61-year-old known as Big T in Cairo, where he lives, was shopping there on a Saturday afternoon when I met him. Nathan Bedford Forrest. Sign up for The Weekly Dispatch, a newsletter that spotlights wrongdoing around the country. He warns that freed black men will take jobs away from white men. But I also feel like it takes all of us that dont feel that way to step forward and to be brave enough to say, No, that is not what were about.. I met him while he was playing basketball with his young son in the park. Accessed 3 May 2022. The sign can be seen in a scene where Shirley's driver, played by Viggo Mortensen, drives their car through a sundown town: While sundown town signs are no longer a prevalent feature on. Hello, people of Illinois and people not of Illinois: Im heading north on the Amtrak Lincoln Service from Springfield to Chicago. She trusted God and she trusted her son. Michael Hunter leaned forward in his camouflage-printed office chair. Sundown towns re-entered the spotlight again in 2020 thanks to the HBO series Lovecraft Country. He said he hadnt witnessed that kind of public racism in Anna before. What ideas do you have for how to keep discussing and addressing sundown towns in our state? Things do change. How do you dance like that? Tripps 18-year-old son, Gavin, graduated from Anna-Jonesboro High in the spring. When friends of Smiths learn he works in Anna, sometimes he gets questions and warnings. HOME OF ARIEH HART, it reads. Smith hopes her family is changing Annas A-N-N-A reputation, as well as the minds of some of its residents, even if it is hardly the familys job to. The decision was in response to a bill designed to limit discrimination lawsuits by making changes to the Missouri Human Rights Act. One of Illinois' most written-about sundown towns is Anna, but Loewen shares many examples in his book including Villa Grove, a town twenty miles from our campus. Cause we never granted the benefit of the doubt even we have the evidence you'll deny it. In the years leading up to the Civil War, family lines in the South still existed with these people of the new Midwest, wrote the late Anna resident George E. Parks in 1983 in History of Union County, and some residents remained sympathetic to their southern home states. There are always going to be a few racists alive who will judge you by the color of your skin. (Their niece, Nora, who lived in the same house, died about 30 years later.) For more information about canonical metadata, You cant edit our material, except to reflect relative changes in time, location and editorial style. Nevertheless, three years after Smith moved to Anna, her family still has to deal with racist comments. Because whether or not that sign really existed, it exists in the minds of many black southern Illinoisans who know what the name of the town stands for. Ill be bookmarking and avoiding all of these towns, and passing the info onto friends, family, and social media. A new ProPublica Illinois story examines the racist legacy of one such town in Illinois called Anna. Sundown towns in Illinois (19 P) Sundown towns in Indiana (45 P) Sundown towns in Iowa (1 P) K. Sundown towns in Kansas (10 P) . In 2017, in the aftermath of the white supremacist Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, a white Anna resident named Tabitha Tripp said at a Union County board meeting that she was concerned about hate incidents in the county, and she asked the county commissioners to consider a resolution, identical to one that had recently passed the Illinois House, condemning hate groups. the laws and practices. Hindman, in his interview, said any black people who worked or lived in Anna were driven out of town after the Anna Pelley incident in 1909. Taylor said hes noticed more black people in Anna in the past 10 years I take my hat off to that but, he said, changing Annas reputation is going to take a while. So stupid to publish this crap. They were not to lash out or fight. Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0). Sundown Towns. De facto sundown towns existed at least into the 1970s and there may still be towns today that try to keep people of color away. I got into town just after sunset. He calls black people animals. They then dragged his body through the streets, set it on fire and later cut off his head and stuck it on a hitching post. There are many people admitting to it in the thread. John Sales was in his mid 90s when he died in August 1916. Im looking forward to reading your thoughts. A sundown town is a community that for decades kept non-whites from living in it and was thus "all-white" on purpose. You cant use our work to populate a website designed to improve rankings on search engines or solely to gain revenue from network-based advertisements. Is that your real hair? While unofficial "sundown towns," a term for a town that prohibits Black people after dark, still reportedly exist in the United States, a viral image of a sign reading "Whites only within city limits after dark" was taken from a scene in the movie "Green Book. To my astonishment, I have found 500 sundown towns in Illinois aloneand now estimate that, by 1970, their peak, 10,000 existed in the United States." With a rope around his neck, the Bulletin reported, James confessed. When I met him last year, Hunter was the chief of Annas Police Department, and I was curious whether the A-N-N-A reputation affected how local officials did their jobs. Im just sorry we have to talk about that. He added: That is not the Anna I know.. Texarkana i hear is one couldnt even get gas there. And it is the kind of thing some older white people in Anna thought theyd never see: a young black man welcomed back to town with a public celebration. This allowed maids and workmen to provide unskilled labor during the day. While the details of each incident are often vague or contradictory, newspaper accounts, oral history archives and other documents chronicle a narrative of Annas emerging reputation as A-N-N-A. Years before, when she was new to Illinois and living in Murphysboro, about 25 miles north, she got lost driving somewhere on U.S. Highway 51 after dark and called her husband for directions. As the book Sundown Towns, by James W. Loewen, explains, the phrase is derived from the signs that many of [these places] formerly sported at their corporate limits signs that usually said Nigger, Dont Let the Sun Go Down on You in __.. AP Road Trip: Racial Tensions in Americas Sundown Towns. AP NEWS, 20 Apr. ", In May 2022, an image went viral that supposedly showed a sign in a modern-day "sundown town" that read "whites only within city limits after dark.". The term "sundown town" is familiar to many African Americans. They want to see racial tensions so they lie. One time it happened while he was pumping gas. But he said he gets asked every so often about A-N-N-A by outsiders like me. Youd better be safe, they tell him. They are so named because some marked their city limits with placards warning specific groups of people to stay away after the sun went down. Trust me, I have lived in many states, and traveled to all, and know that racism exists. Some towns like Harrison, Arkansas, still display confederate flags and big, scary signs, she says. The night after James was killed, a band of men from Anna headed for a nearby quarry, which employed a number of black men. I told Walker about Easter Smith and Arieh Hart. Dr. John Aden is the Executive Director of the African American Historical Society Museum in Fort Wayne. Giacomazzo, Bernadette. There, children glided on bicycles from the levee road along the Ohio River, down through the intersection where the steel arches stood. Also, cant close or minimize the key, which covers a large block of the map at all times. B etween 1936 and 1967, the Negro Motorist Green Book was essential for the survival of thousands of Black Americans in an era of segregation cemented into the American legal system through Jim Crow laws, sundown towns where African Americans were under threat of violence after . It said, No Niggers Allowed, Walker remembered. Flickr/David Wilson. The name derives from the posted and verbal warnings issued to Blacks that although they might be allowed to work or travel in a community . When Loewen began his research in 1999, he thought hed find just a handful of sundown towns and recovering sundown towns, as he calls them, in Illinois. Hartline grew up in Cobden, the town just north of Anna. Like many other small towns, Anna has lost industry. Patches of tiled sidewalk that once led into storefronts now faded into dirt. There are a bunch that I would recommend avoiding after dark, but that would be for anyone regardless of skin color due to high crime rates. History and Social Justice Website Copyright 2023, Using Lies My Teacher Told Me and Teaching What Really Happened, Resources for Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Teachers Corner: Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Contact Jim Loewen to Speak to Your Group, Causing Change With Lies My Teacher Told Me, Works Inspired or Influenced by Lies My Teacher Told Me, Useful Quotations about History and Social Justice, Native American Issues, Including the Explorers, Teaching Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, Civil Rights Movement to Modern Times: c. 1945 Now, Alphabetical Map of Sundown Towns by State, How to Research and Teach About Sundown Towns, Using Research Information to Help a Sundown Town Overcome Its Past, Loewens Work on Standardized Testing Used by Others, Embarrassing Questions about Standardized Tests. The man was white. Other spots in Illinois with reputations as sundown towns or of racial discrimination include Benton, Effingham, Salem, Vienna and Granite City in southern Illinois. Old heads aint died off yet, he explained. Each of you denying it's not your town isn't experiencing it. But it was also the home of U.S. Sen. Everett Dirksen, whose support helped ensure the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. He didnt like it when people assumed he was racist. Hi there, would like to start by saying I appreciate the concept. Over the past two years, I visited the town several times to try to understand where Annas history had left the town today. They dont deserve the economy. Sundown towns are rare in the South but common in the rest of the country. If one came here from a link, they expected a recent map, not historical data. Though Brumleve said many residents supported the preservation of the Union, Evans support was contingent on the continuation of slavery, and his letters show his increasing contempt for the war as the Lincoln administration took steps toward emancipation. Really frustrating that you are unable to see the whole map in one window, even with max zoom-out. Sundown towns are communities in which Black people were not welcome. Note: This story contains graphic descriptions of violence. In his book, Loewen profiles three Indiana towns; Elwood, Huntington and Martinsville. It's the American Way. Winchester. There was one exception: the Sales family. People are discussing a history that has been largely forgotten or overlooked. Where were sundown towns in Illinois? I think even he got out when it got too violent. Sundown towns in North Carolina (5 P) O. Sundown towns in Ohio (8 P) Sundown towns in Oklahoma (14 P) T. Sundown towns in Tennessee (3 P) Hunter told me that when hed pull over black motorists, they would sometimes tell him during traffic stops that they knew what Anna stood for and why hed stopped them. The Gazette wrote that the only colored man who has ever lived in this city, died at his home Sunday night. Emily Sales died in Anna in 1932. Stories of intimidation and violence against black people and against white people who tried to employ them in Anna continued for decades after the war. Smith got Facebook messages from people shed never met. They posted a photo of Arieh and wrote a caption calling him the N-word and Annas Jackie Robinson. The school disciplined the students behind the account. He had a friend who lived in Anna and had spent weekends there. He added, It was just a racist town.. This is the kind of thing that makes her wish she had moved to Anna sooner. In Lovecraft Country, the journey begins in Chicago. Champaign, IL (61820) Today. Farmer City. This is the biggest lie that I have seen in a while. He complains that black soldiers are treated better than white soldiers. Find that audio here. I just didnt think it was worth talking about., Some sundown towns in the Midwest have begun to confront their legacies. If you could adjust that, it would prove safer for travelers. The whole world., Annas Walmart draws a more diverse crowd. It's sad that because we speak English and may not be of the complexion that you see in an old Western movie, we aren't taken seriously. began life as sundown towns. You are are free to republish it so long as you do the following: Copy and paste the following into your page to republish: Lincoln Library, The Public Library of Springfield, Illinois, Springfield and Central Illinois African American History Museum, The Legend of A-N-N-A: Revisiting an American Town Where Black People Werent Welcome After Dark, A Christian Health Nonprofit Saddled Thousands With Debt as It Built a Family Empire Including a Pot Farm, a Bank and an Airline, Barricaded Siblings Turn to TikTok While Defying Court Order to Return to Father They Say Abused Them, This Climate-Friendly Fuel Comes With an Astronomical Cancer Risk, COVID-19 Origins: Investigating a Complex and Grave Situation Inside a Wuhan Lab, Tennessee Lobbyists Oppose New Lifesaving Exceptions in Abortion Ban, How We Found That Sites of Previous Ebola Outbreaks Are at Higher Risk Than Before, Help Us Report on Assisted Living Facilities in Maine, If youre republishing online, you must link to the URL of this story on propublica.org, include all of the links from our story, including our newsletter sign up language and link, and use our. Before the family moved to Anna, Smith sat her kids down and discussed how to respond if someone called them the N-word, if they were discriminated against at school or if they didnt feel comfortable. Sundown towns dated back to the colonial days, when the ordinances and laws were also aimed at Native Americans. This material may not be reproduced without permission. . We do not generally permit translation of our stories into another language. That's the proof. NBC Universal, Inc. Decades ago, South Florida was segregated in some areas, Black people could work, but they couldn't stay overnight. The Klan was started in Indiana so no surprises with the distribution of red dots. Get our investigations delivered to your inbox with the Big Story newsletter. Most people said they wished the A-N-N-A reputation would just go away and were quick to say Anna wasnt like that anymore. Please fix the dot on the map. How fortunate we are to have so little of darkest Africa among us, the Gazette wrote in January 1903, adding that it would be presumptuous to place the negro in the places where only white men should fill as long as this is a white mans country.. [Its] almost a covert operation because there would just be one sign at the county line saying N-word, dont let the sun set on you here.. Sundown towns, or grey towns, were all-white neighborhoods in the United States that used discriminatory local laws, intimidation, or violence to keep their town all-white. But at what point do we move on from that, you know? I dont think Compton in Los Angeles is a sundown town. Just own it. It was, from its founding up until 1968. James W. Loewen, a sociologist from Decatur, published a book on the topic and chronicled multiple cities within Illinois. Sundown towns also range across the income spectrum. Not 100% sure.. [Publisher's description.] In California, Glendale and Culver City. What Sundown Towns Represent For Black Drivers Today. Sundown towns are just like any other towns in America, she says. Independent sundown towns range in size from hamlets like Alix, Arkansas, population 185, to large cities like Appleton, Wisconsin, with 57,000 residents in 1970. I talked with people going about their lives in the library, the Farm Fresh milk store, the Blue Boar restaurant, the citys park, the Walmart parking lot and other pockets of Anna. Design and production by Vignesh Ramachandran, Logan Jaffe, Jillian Kumagai and Agnes Chang. Like what? Its kind of almost a prison gerrymandering that is happening, Taylor says. Below, a Q&A with ProPublica Illinois reporter Logan Jaffe. Her eldest son, Arieh Hart, had an idea. More generally, sundown town is used to describe a place where the resident population was through deliberate action made to be overwhelmingly composed of white people. The sundown town was really a way that the North and West patrolled and monitored race without having the dirty signs of saying 'colored only' or 'whites only,' she says. Sign up for our newsletter to get weekly updates written by our journalists. That should tell you something right there. As I drove back into Anna later that day, I passed the sign marking its border and population. This map is a joke! Somebody just drove by and yelled out the window, Youre a nigger lover, Gavin said. Loewen discovered that many of the sundown towns would burn signs and that theres no official record that some existed at all which shows people continue to erase the dirty parts of our history that we dont want to remember, Taylor says. The Amtrak/VIA Live Map shows the live position of Amtrak and VIA Rail Canada trains. NBC 6's Phil Prazan reports. Taking information from James W. 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Remain and still cast a pall over their locales U.S in 2021 that was the Problem, everything... Really was n't because they stopped happening in America, she says first recited A-N-N-A have done so if werent. Executive Director of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prison gerrymandering that is happening Taylor... And exploring how Black Americans can travel safely across the U.S in 2021 and warnings what ideas you... Cairos population, roughly 2,500, is now about half of what it was from... The story generally permit translation of our stories, Taylor says when he died in 1916. It was n't the case that made her feel unsafe in Murphysboro, said. Publisher & # x27 ; s Phil Prazan reports on Dec. 22, 2021 Elwood, and... Than white soldiers Rights Act Los Angeles is a sundown town a town. In our state a website designed to limit discrimination lawsuits by making changes to the colonial days when! Just drove by and yelled out the window, even with max zoom-out like many other small towns, passed!, Anna has lost industry one time it happened while he was pumping gas forgotten or overlooked that... Remain and still cast a pall over their locales the only colored who! In which Black people faced the risk of harassment or at worst death sign up for the Weekly,.

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